There could be multiple causes for an ingrown toe nail, could include; poor nail cutting technique, picking or ripping nails, weak or brittle nail plate, involuted nail, or trauma.

An ingrown toe nail will not resolve with just antibiotics from a GP if the nail has pierced the tissue. In this case a 'spike' of nail must be removed - either conservatively or through surgical removal.

An ingrown toe nail can be managed in 2 ways.

1. Conservative treatment
   • Trimming and clearing the edges of the nail
   • Salt water soaks
   • Regular trimming and maintenance of the nail
2. Surgical Nail Removal (PNA)
   • Partial or total nail avulsion to remove the offending piece of nail